Pteridophytes of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Family 1. Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC.

1. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.

 (Photo source: Wikipedia)
Important: Vessels are generally absent in Pteridophytes but here in Equisetum it is present.

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Family 2. Hymenophyllaceae Mart.

1. Hymenophyllum denticulatum Sw.

 (Photo source: https://www.fernsoftheworld.com/2019/05/21/hymenophyllum-denticulatum/)

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Family 3. Isoetaceae Dumort.

1. Isoetes coromandelina L.f. (Isoetes coromandelina subsp. coromandelina)

 (Photo source: https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?taxonomies=101242&searchType=species)

Important: Secondary growth is absent in Pteridophytes except Isoetes.

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Family 4. Marsileaceae Mirb.

1. Marsilea minuta L.

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

2. Marsilea quadrifolia L.

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

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Family 5. Ophioglossaceae Martinov

1. Ophioglossum vulgatum L.

  (Photo source: Wikipedia)

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Family 6. Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.Presl

1. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott

 (Photo source: http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30345915-2)

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Family 7. Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn.

1. Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

2. Adiantum incisum Forssk.

(Photo source: https://public.fotki.com/ngoosen/pteridaceae/adiantum/adiantum-incisum.html)

3. Adiantum philippense L.

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

4. Hemionitis farinosa (Forssk.) Christenh.

(Photo source: https://www.fernsoftheworld.com/2014/10/25/hemionitis-palmata/)

5. Pteris longifolia L.

(Photo source: https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/167543-Pteris-longifolia)

6. Pteris vittata L.

(Photo source: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/177137/1468608)

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Family 8. Salviniaceae Martinov

1. Azolla pinnata R.Br.

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

2. Salvinia cucullata Bory

(Photo source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/614248836648025529/)

3. Salvinia natans (L.) All.

(Photo source: https://www.amazon.in/M-Tech-Gardens-Floating-Watermoss-Salvinia/dp/B083WMQFHR)

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Family 9. Schizaeaceae Kaulf.

1. Lygodium circinnatum (Burm.f.) Sw.

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

2. Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

3. Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br.

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

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Family 10. Selaginellaceae Willk.

1. Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker

(Photo source: Wikipedia)

2. Selaginella proniflora (Lam.) Baker

 (Photo source: http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:91110-3#image-gallery)

Important: Vessels are generally absent in Pteridophytes but here in Selaginella it is present.

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Important Notes:

1. Dryopteris is homosporous whereas Selaginella, Isoetes, Salvinia, Azolla, Marsillea are heterosporous.


References:

1. Singh, M.P., & Singh, T.N. (2011). Pteridophytic Flora of Varanasi Division. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 2(4) : 131-132

2. Singh, Arvind. (2014). Observations on the Vascular Wall Flora of Varanasi City, India. 2014. 40-55.

3. Singh, Arvind. (2015). Medicinal Flora on the Banaras Hindu University Main Campus, India. International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 1. 222-236.